高危原发前列腺胃肠道外间质瘤诊疗体会及文献复习

目的探讨前列腺原发胃肠道外间质瘤诊治要点。 方法回顾性分析我院2017年9月诊治的1例高危原发性前列腺胃肠道外间质瘤临床病理特征资料、随访情况，总结现有文献讨论总结本病诊治心得。 结果65岁男性，因"前列腺电切术后2年，反复血尿3个月余"入院。术前MRI考虑为来源不清的盆腔巨大实性占位（115 mm×105 mm×85 mm），经直肠穿刺诊断为梭形细胞来源的肿瘤。行盆腔肿瘤切除+膀胱前列腺腺切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术+Bricker术。术后病理提示为前列腺原发胃肠道外间质瘤[CD117（+）；Dog1（+）；CD34（+）；PSA（+）；AR（+）；P504s（+）；Ki-67（2%）]。术后肿瘤组织全外显子测序提示为C-Kit基因（Exon 11 p.Q556-V560del）存在明显临床意义突变，筛选靶向药物甲磺酸伊马替尼+比卡鲁胺（PSA平稳后停用）口服，术后随访18个月无肿瘤复发及不良并发症。 结论前列腺原发胃肠道外间质瘤罕见，需与前列腺其他良恶性肿瘤相鉴别诊断。全外显子测序了解其发病高危基因，同时筛选药物辅助治疗可使患者生存获益。     

中药化学对照品木蝴蝶苷B的稳定性研究

目的对木蝴蝶苷B固体和在不同溶液中的稳定性进行研究。方法采用HPLC-DAD对不同温度下的木蝴蝶苷B固体和不同条件下的木蝴蝶苷B溶液进行色谱分离,经过归一化纯度分析对其稳定性进行比较和分析,明确木蝴蝶苷B的稳定性影响因素;然后采用HPLC-MS对木蝴蝶苷B在不同溶剂中主要降解产物进行分析。结果①木蝴蝶苷B固体在40、80和105℃下稳定、且对光稳定;②木蝴蝶B在水中较为稳定,在体积分数50%、70%甲醇、体积分数50%、70%乙醇溶液中不稳定。③木蝴蝶苷B在体积分数50%甲醇、体积分数50%乙醇和水溶液中降解产物分别为7-甲氧基黄芩素、7-乙氧基黄芩素和黄芩素。结论本次实验表明,木蝴蝶苷B对热和光稳定,但在溶液状态下不够稳定,尤其在体积分数50%甲醇溶液和体积分数50%乙醇溶液中易发生降解,建议木蝴蝶苷B对照品溶液选择采用水作为溶剂,或者临用现配,并在配制后立即放入冰箱冷藏保存。     

姜黄素对脑缺血再灌注自发性高血压大鼠认知功能的影响

目的：探讨姜黄素对脑缺血再灌注自发性高血压（SH）大鼠认知功能的影响。方法:选取75只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和实验组，每组25只；模型组和实验组构建脑中动脉栓塞（MCAO）模型，假手术组不阻塞大脑中动脉血供；实验组于术前30 min及再灌注后6 h腹腔注射姜黄素100 mg/kg，假手术组和模型组注射等量生理盐水。检测大鼠认知功能、缺血侧海马区神经元凋亡及相关蛋白的表达。结果：缺血再灌注2~72 h，与假手术组比，模型组神经元凋亡细胞数量增多，而实验组较模型组减少；模型组穿台次数减少，实验组多于模型组；模型组逃避潜伏期延长，实验组短于模型组；模型组缺血侧海马区磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）、磷酸化蛋白激酶B（p-AKT）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）蛋白含量高于假手术组，实验组PI3K、p-AKT蛋白含量高于模型组，Caspase-3蛋白低于模型组（均P<0.05）。结论:姜黄素可减轻脑缺血再灌注SH大鼠神经元凋亡程度，改善认知功能，其机制与上调PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达及下调Caspase-3蛋白表达相关。     

lncRNA UCA1在肾透明细胞癌中的表达与临床特征及预后的关系

目的:研究长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）尿路上皮癌胚抗原1（UCA1）在肾透明细胞癌（KIRC）患者癌组织及癌旁正常组织中的表达水平，探讨其与患者临床特征及预后的关系。方法:选取2009年2月至2013年2月在本院诊治并保存完整的KIRC患者癌组织标本56例为KIRC组，同时另取患者配对癌旁正常肾组织（距肿瘤边缘＞5 cm）作为对照组，通过实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法检测lncRNA UCA1表达水平，分析lncRNA UCA1表达水平与患者临床特征及预后生存的关系。结果:KIRC患者肾癌组织中lncRNA UCA1表达水平显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。lncRNA UCA1表达水平与TNM分期、Robson分期和组织分化程度有关（P＜0.05）。lncRNA UCA1高表达组的5年生存率显著低于lncRNA UCA1低表达组（P＜0.05）。lncRNA UCA1高表达是影响KIRC患者不良预后发生的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论:lncRNA UCA1在KIRC患者肾癌组织中高表达，与TNM分期、Robson分期和组织分化程度有关，是影响KIRC患者不良预后发生的独立危险因素。     

Relationship between plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and prognosis of TACE for primary hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundOur study aims to investigate changes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentration and integrity in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) patients before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment and their influence on the evaluation of prognosis of the disease.MethodsA total of 84 PHC patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from December 2016 to December 2017 were included as the study group, while 55 healthy people served as the control group. Plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity were determined using qRT-PCR. The correlation between cfDNA concentration/integrity and clinical characteristics of PHC patients were analyzed. A ROC curve was used to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of cfDNA as detection indices. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze factors affecting recurrence in PHC patients and compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) of PHC patients with high cfDNA expression and low cfDNA expression.ResultsPlasma cfDNA concentration and integrity were significantly higher in PHC patients before TACE treatment than in healthy people and significantly lower after treatment than before (P<0.05). The cfDNA concentration was significantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and BCLC stage, while cfDNA integrity was significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, and BCLC stage (P<0.05). ROC results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) value of cfDNA concentration was the largest, with an optimal cut-off of 10.51 ng/mL. Multivariate regression analysis for COX showed that the TNM stage, cfDNA concentration, and AFP were independent risk factors that affected PHC patients’ survival.ConclusionsPlasma cfDNA concentration in PHC patients is more sensitive and specific than any other tumor marker. It is an independent risk factor for PHC patients treated with TACE. Therefore, it is hypothesized cfDNA is a potential biomarker for prognostic evaluation of PHC patients treated with TACE.     

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss during pregnancy: etiology,treatment, and outcome

ObjectiveTo analyze the etiologies, treatments, and outcomes of sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) during pregnancy.Study designRetrospective chart review of 25 pregnant patients treated for SSNHL between January 2012 and September 2019. Forty-nine age matched non-pregnant women with severe and profound hearing loss diagnosed with SSNHL during the same period served as controls. Data were recorded on age, symptoms, onset of hearing loss, audiometric results, treatments, and outcomes.ResultsThe mean age was 29.6 years (range 23–38 years). Intratympanic steroids (ITS) were administered in 15 (60.0%) pregnant women with SSNHL. Three women were treated with postauricular steroids only, while another woman was treated with intravenous ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole. The remaining six women received no medications. More than half (8/15, 53.3%) of pregnant women with SSNHL receiving ITS experienced hearing improvement. Pregnant women with profound hearing loss who received no medication had no hearing improvement. Most pregnant women with SSNHL (12/15, 80.0%) had higher fibrinogen levels than controls (mean values 3.77±0.71 g/L and 2.54±0.48 g/L, respectively).ConclusionFibrinogen could be a risk factor for SSNHL during pregnancy. ITS may benefit pregnant women with severe and profound SSNHL.     

MDT模式下PBL教学法在老年髋部骨折教学中的应用

目的分析在MDT模式下对老年髋部骨折临床教学中应用PBL教学法的实际效果。方法利用分组研究法对我院在2017年1月—2019年8月接收的80名临床实习学生进行研究,对比组学生(n=40)行常规教学,观察组学生(n=40)行PBL教学法,对比两组学生最终学习成果。结果观察组学生最终教学效果评价好于对比组(P<0.05);观察组学生最终教学满意度97.5%高于对比组患者最终教学满意度75%(P<0.05)。结论在MDT模式下对老年髋部骨折临床教学中应用PBL教学法的实际效果显著,采用该种方法教学后学生的自主学习能力得到明显提升,且教师的教学满意度得到极大的提升,故值得广泛应用和推广。     

SP联合CBL在骨外科临床实践教学中的应用研究

目的探讨标准化病人(standard patient,SP)结合案例式教学(case-based learning,CBL)在骨外科临床实践教学中的应用效果。方法选取2018—2019学年于我院骨科实习的南京医科大学2014级临床医学专业学生50人作为研究对象。随机将其均分为试验组和对照组两组,每组各25人。试验组采用SP+CBL相结合教学方法;对照组采用传统CBL授课方法。在教学结束后,请所有参与试验的学生对课程进行评价,并从理论和操作两方面对学生进行考核。结果两组学生的理论考试成绩无明显差异,不具统计学意义(P>0.05)。但试验组学生的临床技能操作考核成绩高于对照组(P<0.01)。试验组学生对SP+CBL教学在激发学习兴趣、增强解决实际问题能力及提高骨外科实践教学质量等方面的满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论SP+CBL教学优于传统CBL教学,可以显著提高学习的积极性,有助于提高骨外科临床实践教学的效果。